Kohesi: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi

Articles

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Kohesi: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi, ISSN 3025-1311

TRANSMISI SENSOR DENGAN TOPOLOGI TREE BERBASIS KOMUNIKASI JARAK JAUH DAN INTERNET

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2238/smczwq32
Submitted
July 2, 2026
Published
2026-07-02

Abstract

The limited communication range in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a critical issue when sensor nodes cannot communicate directly with the gateway. This study designs and evaluates a LoRa RFM95W-based sensor transmission system using a tree topology and a two-level polling mechanism. The system consists of an ESP32 gateway connected to the internet, Arduino Nano-based gate devices, Arduino Nano-based sensor nodes, and DHT22 sensors for temperature and humidity measurements. Testing was conducted in three scenarios: one node through one gate, two nodes through one gate, and a full system with two gates and four sensor nodes. Communication performance was evaluated using Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and packet loss. The results show that all scenarios successfully transmitted data in a hierarchical path from sensor nodes to gates and then to the gateway. The system achieved 100% PDR and 0% packet loss in all scenarios, while data were displayed in real time on the Thinger.io platform. These results indicate that the tree topology combined with two-level polling can support stable hierarchical LoRa-based IoT sensor communication. Keterbatasan jangkauan komunikasi pada Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) menjadi masalah penting ketika node sensor tidak dapat berkomunikasi langsung dengan gateway. Penelitian ini merancang dan mengevaluasi sistem transmisi sensor berbasis LoRa RFM95W menggunakan topologi tree dan metode two-level polling. Sistem terdiri atas ESP32 sebagai gateway yang terhubung ke internet, Arduino Nano sebagai gate, Arduino Nano sebagai node sensor, serta sensor DHT22 untuk pengukuran suhu dan kelembapan. Pengujian dilakukan dalam tiga skenario, yaitu satu node melalui satu gate, dua node melalui satu gate, dan sistem penuh dengan dua gate serta empat node sensor. Kinerja komunikasi dianalisis berdasarkan Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), dan packet loss. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh skenario mampu mengirimkan data secara bertingkat dari node sensor menuju gate dan diteruskan ke gateway. Sistem memperoleh PDR 100% dan packet loss 0% pada seluruh skenario, sedangkan data sensor berhasil ditampilkan secara real-time pada platform Thinger.io. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa topologi tree dengan metode two-level polling dapat mendukung komunikasi sensor berbasis LoRa dan IoT secara bertingkat dan stabil.

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