Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026)
Medic Nutricia : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, ISSN : 3025-8855

Articles

BIOTRANSFORMASI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF PADA FERMENTASI LIMBAH KULIT BUAH DAN KAITANNYA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS FARMAKOLOGIS: TINJAUAN MEKANISTIK

DOI: https://doi.cibangsa.org/DOI-2026-455

Published 2026-10-10

  • Ni Komang Yenitha Meilani Dewi

Ni Komang Yenitha Meilani Dewi
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Udayana

Abstract

Limbah kulit buah merupakan salah satu hasil samping agroindustri yang masih belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal, meskipun mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif seperti senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, tanin, karotenoid, vitamin, dan komponen volatil. Pemanfaatan kulit buah sebagai sumber bahan bioaktif telah banyak dikaji berdasarkan aktivitas antioksidan, antimikroba, antiinflamasi, dan aktivitas biologis lainnya. Fermentasi menjadi salah satu pendekatan yang berpotensi meningkatkan nilai fungsional kulit buah melalui proses biotransformasi yang dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas mikroorganisme dan enzim. Proses tersebut dapat menyebabkan pelepasan senyawa fenolik dari matriks tanaman, hidrolisis senyawa glikosida menjadi aglikon, serta perubahan komposisi senyawa bioaktif yang dapat memengaruhi aktivitas biologisnya. Review ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan antara fermentasi limbah kulit buah, perubahan profil dan bentuk kimia senyawa bioaktif, serta perubahan aktivitas biologis yang dihasilkan. Literatur yang dikaji menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi pada berbagai kulit buah dapat meningkatkan atau mengubah kandungan senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, dan tanin, yang pada beberapa penelitian disertai peningkatan aktivitas antioksidan, antibakteri, dan antiinflamasi serta potensi prebiotik. Perubahan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh jenis mikroorganisme, kondisi fermentasi, karakteristik bahan, dan kemampuan mikroorganisme dalam melakukan biotransformasi senyawa. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara perubahan senyawa spesifik dan aktivitas farmakologis belum sepenuhnya dipahami, sehingga standardisasi kondisi fermentasi, karakterisasi senyawa, bioavailabilitas, keamanan, dan konsistensi hasil menjadi aspek penting dalam pengembangan kulit buah terfermentasi sebagai sumber bahan bioaktif bernilai tambah.

Keywords

kulit buah, fermentasi, biotransformasi, senyawa bioaktif, aktivitas farmakologis

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References

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