Vol. 23 No. 4 (2026)
Medic Nutricia : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, ISSN : 3025-8855

Articles

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN BAJAKAH (SPATHOLOBUS LITTORALIS HASSK) DAN KEBIOL (CAESALPINIA BONDUC) MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN METABOLOMIK UNTARGETED SERTA METODE DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, DAN FIC

Published 2026-08-29

  • Yulia Yesti
    • ,
  • Dyah Sari
    • ,
  • Esmeralda
    • ,
  • Latifah
    • ,
  • Elena Miawi
    • ,
  • Fina Fazilla
    • ,
  • Bella Imelda

Yulia Yesti
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Fort De Kock, Bukittinggi, Indonesia

Dyah Sari
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Fort De Kock, Bukittinggi, Indonesia

Esmeralda
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Fort De Kock, Bukittinggi, Indonesia

Latifah
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Fort De Kock, Bukittinggi, Indonesia

Elena Miawi
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Fort De Kock, Bukittinggi, Indonesia

Fina Fazilla
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Fort De Kock, Bukittinggi, Indonesia

Bella Imelda
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Fort De Kock, Bukittinggi, Indonesia

Abstract

Stres oksidatif akibat ketidakseimbangan antara radikal bebas dan sistem pertahanan antioksidan endogen berkontribusi terhadap patogenesis berbagai penyakit degeneratif, sehingga penggalian sumber antioksidan alami dari tumbuhan lokal Indonesia terus menjadi topik penelitian yang relevan. Bajakah (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) dan kebiol/kebiul (Caesalpinia bonduc) merupakan dua tumbuhan obat tradisional Kalimantan dan Sumatera yang secara empiris digunakan masyarakat namun bukti ilmiahnya masih tersebar dan belum dirangkum secara sistematis, khususnya bila dikaitkan dengan pendekatan metabolomik untargeted. Artikel ini bertujuan merangkum secara naratif bukti ilmiah mengenai aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak Bajakah dan Kebiol yang diuji dengan empat metode in vitro yang paling umum digunakan, yaitu DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), dan FIC (Ferrous Ion Chelating), serta mengulas peran pendekatan metabolomik untargeted berbasis LC-MS/GC-MS/NMR dalam mengidentifikasi metabolit sekunder penanggung jawab aktivitas tersebut. Penelusuran pustaka dilakukan pada basis data Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, DOAJ, dan portal jurnal nasional (Garuda, Sinta) dengan kata kunci “Bajakah”, “Spatholobus littoralis”, “Caesalpinia bonduc”, “kebiol/kebiul”, “antioxidant”, “DPPH”, “ABTS”, “FRAP”, “FIC”, dan “untargeted metabolomics”. Kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi diterapkan mengikuti prinsip PRISMA yang diadaptasi untuk tinjauan naratif. Hasil penelusuran menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Bajakah memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan rentang IC50 DPPH yang bervariasi luas (±12,87–281,72 ppm) bergantung pada bagian tumbuhan, pelarut, dan metode ekstraksi, sedangkan ekstrak biji Kebiol menunjukkan aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH yang sangat kuat pada senyawa flavonoid terisolasi (IC50 3,31 µg/mL). Kajian metabolomik untargeted pada famili tumbuhan yang berkerabat menegaskan bahwa senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid (kuersetin, kaempferol, turunan asam galat, dan derivatnya) secara konsisten teridentifikasi sebagai kontributor utama aktivitas antioksidan multi-metode. Kombinasi keempat metode uji (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, FIC) direkomendasikan untuk memberikan gambaran mekanisme antioksidan yang lebih komprehensif, mencakup donasi atom hidrogen, transfer elektron, dan kelasi logam, sedangkan pendekatan metabolomik untargeted berpotensi mempercepat penemuan biomarker senyawa aktif pada Bajakah dan Kebiol yang hingga kini masih terbatas.

Keywords

Bajakah, Kebiol, Spatholobus littoralis, Caesalpinia bonduc, antioksidan, metabolomik untargeted, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, FIC

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