PENGALAMAN ADAPTASI PASIEN SETELAH MENJALANI KOLOSTOMI TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PERAWATAN DIRI: NARATIVE REVIEW
Abstract
Kolostomi pada pasien kanker kolorektal menyebabkan perubahan fungsi eliminasi dan rutinitas sehari-hari sehingga pasien perlu melakukan adaptasi, terutama dalam menjalankan perawatan diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengalaman adaptasi pasien setelah menjalani kolostomi, khususnya terhadap perubahan perawatan diri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode narrative review terhadap artikel penelitian kualitatif yang diperoleh melalui Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa proses adaptasi pasien kolostomi mencakup aspek fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan spiritual. Pasien mengalami berbagai tantangan, seperti kebocoran kantong kolostomi, iritasi kulit, bau, perubahan citra tubuh, kecemasan, rasa malu, menarik diri dari lingkungan sosial, serta hambatan dalam menjalankan aktivitas keagamaan. Kesiapan pasien dalam melakukan perawatan diri dipengaruhi oleh edukasi keperawatan, dukungan keluarga dan sosial, serta kesinambungan perawatan setelah pasien pulang dari rumah sakit. Edukasi berbasis teknologi digital juga berpotensi mendukung kesinambungan perawatan tersebut. Adaptasi pasien dengan kolostomi memerlukan asuhan keperawatan secara holistik yang dimulai sejak sebelum operasi dan berlanjut setelah pasien keluar dari rumah sakit melalui edukasi yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan pasien, keterlibatan keluarga, layanan terapi stoma, serta kebijakan pelayanan perawatan stoma rawat jalan.Keywords
Kolostomi, Adaptasi, Perawatan Diri, Pengalaman Pasien, Narrative Review
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