Vol. 23 No. 3 (2026)
Medic Nutricia : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, ISSN : 3025-8855

Articles

ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO PENYAKIT AKIBAT KERJA PADA TENAGA KESEHATAN DI PUSKESMAS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2238/8j302x93

Published 2026-07-04

  • Muhamad Faqih

Muhamad Faqih
Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Abstract

Penyakit akibat kerja masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan kerja yang utama pada tenaga kesehatan akibat paparan bahaya biologis, faktor ergonomi, stres kerja, serta pola kerja yang kurang sehat. Tenaga kesehatan di puskesmas memiliki kerentanan yang lebih tinggi karena beragamnya tugas yang dijalankan serta kontak yang berlangsung secara terus-menerus dengan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan penyakit akibat kerja pada tenaga kesehatan di puskesmas melalui pendekatan systematic review. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review dengan menelusuri artikel ilmiah yang diperoleh dari basis data Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Portal Garuda. Artikel yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2021–2026 diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Sebanyak 11 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria dianalisis menggunakan metode sintesis naratif (narrative synthesis). Hasil telaah menunjukkan lima faktor risiko utama yang berhubungan dengan penyakit akibat kerja pada tenaga kesehatan, yaitu faktor ergonomi, paparan biologis, stres kerja, pola dan jam kerja, serta manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3). Faktor ergonomi merupakan faktor risiko yang paling banyak dilaporkan, terutama terkait postur kerja yang tidak ergonomis, aktivitas berulang, serta aktivitas mengangkat dan memindahkan pasien yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya gangguan muskuloskeletal. Penyakit akibat kerja pada tenaga kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang saling berkaitan. Upaya pencegahan yang komprehensif melalui perbaikan ergonomi kerja, pengendalian bahaya biologis, pengelolaan stres kerja, pengaturan jadwal kerja yang sehat, serta penguatan program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja sangat diperlukan untuk melindungi kesehatan tenaga kesehatan dan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Occupational diseases remain a major occupational health problem among healthcare workers due to exposure to biological hazards, ergonomic risks, work-related stress, and unhealthy work patterns. Healthcare workers in community health centers are particularly vulnerable because of their diverse responsibilities and continuous patient contact. This study aimed to identify and analyze risk factors associated with occupational diseases among healthcare workers in community health centers through a systematic review approach. A systematic review was conducted using articles obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Garuda Portal databases. Articles published between 2021 and 2026 were screened according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eleven eligible articles were analyzed using narrative synthesis. The review identified five major risk factors for occupational diseases among healthcare workers: ergonomic factors, biological exposure, work-related stress, work patterns and working hours, and occupational safety and health management. Ergonomic factors were the most frequently reported risk factors, particularly poor working posture, repetitive activities, and patient handling tasks associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Occupational diseases among healthcare workers are influenced by multiple interrelated factors. Comprehensive prevention strategies focusing on ergonomic improvements, biological hazard control, stress management, healthy work scheduling, and strengthening occupational safety and health programs are essential to protect healthcare workers and improve healthcare service quality.

Keywords

Penyakit Akibat Kerja; Tenaga Kesehatan; Puskesmas; Faktor Risiko; Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja; Systematic Review, Occupational Diseases; Healthcare Workers; Community Health Centers; Risk Factors; Occupational Health; Systematic Review

PDF

References

  1. Abdul Halim, N. S. S., Mohd Ripin, Z., & Ridzwan, M. I. Z. (2023). Efficacy of Interventions in Reducing the Risks of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Workplace Health and Safety, 71(12), 557–576. https://doi.org/10.1177/21650799231185335
  2. Afif Wahyudi Hidayat. (2025). The Relationship between Shift Work Patterns and Mental Health of Health Workers in Hospitals. Miracle Get Journal, 2(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.69855/mgj.v2i1.111
  3. Al, N., Salmawati, L., & Guli, M. M. (2026). Risk assessment of biological exposure in health workers of West Walenrang Health Center. 15(1), 1–9.
  4. Ankomah, S. E., Amoah, M. K., Fusheini, A., Kumah, E., Opoku Mensah, F. A., Agyei, S. K., & Karikari, A. K. (2025). Ergonomic risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare professionals in Ghana. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 45, 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.08.027
  5. Girma, B., Nigussie, J., Molla, A., & Mareg, M. (2021). Occupational stress and associated factors among health care professionals in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10579-1
  6. Greggi, C., Visconti, V. V., Albanese, M., Gasperini, B., Chiavoghilefu, A., Prezioso, C., Persechino, B., Iavicoli, S., Gasbarra, E., Iundusi, R., & Tarantino, U. (2024). Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
  7. Jacquier-Bret, J., & Gorce, P. (2023). Prevalence of Body Area Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010841
  8. Mengistu, D. A., Dirirsa, G., Mati, E., Ayele, D. M., Bayu, K., Deriba, W., Alemu, F. K., Demmu, Y. M., Asefa, Y. A., & Geremew, A. (2022). Global Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids among Healthcare Workers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5732046
  9. Salgado de Snyder, V. N., Villatoro, A. P., McDaniel, M. D., Ocegueda, A. S., Garcia, D., & Parra-Medina, D. (2021). Occupational Stress and Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers Serving Socially Vulnerable Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 9(December), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.782846
  10. Siswanto. (2025). Assessing Occupational Health and Safety Management: A Multi-Center Study of 30 in Primary Health Centers in Indonesia. Journal of Applied Nursing and Health, 7(1), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.55018/janh.v7i1.288

Similar Articles

1-10 of 555

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.