GANGGUAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PADA PEKERJA ASSEMBLY LINE INDUSTRI OTOMOTIF
Abstract
Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are among the most frequently encountered occupational diseases in the automotive industry, particularly among assembly line workers. Assembly line workers are exposed to ergonomic risk factors such as awkward postures, repetitive motions, excessive workload, and prolonged working hours, putting them at high risk of developing musculoskeletal complaints. This study aims to review the risk factors, prevalence, assessment methods, and control measures for musculoskeletal disorders among automotive industry assembly line workers. A literature review was conducted utilizing various relevant published sources. The findings indicate that MSDs among automotive workers predominantly occur in the lower back, neck, shoulders, and wrists. Assessment methods commonly employed include REBA, RULA, OWAS, and the Nordic Body Map. Ergonomic interventions such as conveyor redesign, exoskeleton assistive devices, and work posture training have been proven to significantly reduce MSD risk levels. Further research is warranted to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of these various ergonomic interventions. Gangguan muskuloskeletal (Musculoskeletal Disorders/MSDs) merupakan salah satu penyakit akibat kerja yang paling banyak ditemukan di industri otomotif, khususnya pada pekerja lini perakitan (assembly line). Pekerja assembly line terpapar faktor risiko ergonomi seperti postur tubuh canggung, gerakan berulang, beban kerja berlebih, dan durasi kerja yang panjang sehingga berisiko tinggi mengalami keluhan muskuloskeletal. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengulas faktor risiko, prevalensi, metode penilaian, serta upaya pengendalian gangguan muskuloskeletal pada pekerja assembly line industri otomotif. Kajian literatur dilakukan dari berbagai sumber terpublikasi yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa MSDs pada pekerja otomotif paling banyak terjadi pada bagian punggung bawah, leher, bahu, dan pergelangan tangan. Metode penilaian yang umum digunakan meliputi REBA, RULA, OWAS, dan Nordic Body Map. Intervensi ergonomi berupa desain ulang konveyor, alat bantu exoskeleton, serta pelatihan postur kerja terbukti dapat menurunkan tingkat risiko MSDs secara signifikan. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas jangka panjang dari berbagai intervensi ergonomi tersebut.Keywords
Musculoskeletal Disorders, Assembly Line, Automotive Industry, Ergonomics, Risk Factors, Gangguan Muskuloskeletal, Industri Otomotif, Ergonomi, Faktor Risiko
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