PAPARAN BAHAYA BIOLOGIS DAN RISIKO WORK-RELATED INJURIES DI INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT
Abstract
The Emergency Department (ED) is one of the highest-risk work environments in healthcare facilities, where healthcare workers are simultaneously exposed to biological hazards and work-related injuries. This study aimed to identify the types of biological hazard exposure and the prevalence of work-related injuries among ED personnel. A literature review was conducted using a systematic review approach of ten scientific articles published between 2020 and 2024. The findings revealed that needlestick injuries (NSIs), exposure to body fluids, and infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were the most frequently reported biological hazards in the ED. Contributing factors included excessive workload, inadequate compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE) use, and suboptimal triage procedures. Safety training programs and the implementation of a strong safety culture were consistently associated with a reduction in occupational injury incidents. Therefore, the development of comprehensive, evidence-based occupational safety protocols is essential to enhance the protection of healthcare workers in emergency department settings. Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) merupakan salah satu area kerja berisiko tinggi di fasilitas kesehatan karena tenaga kesehatan terpapar secara simultan oleh bahaya biologis dan risiko cedera akibat kerja (work-related injuries). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis paparan bahaya biologis dan prevalensi work-related injuries pada petugas IGD. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan pendekatan systematic review terhadap 10 artikel ilmiah terpublikasi dalam rentang waktu 2020–2024. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa needlestick injuries (NSI), pajanan cairan tubuh, dan infeksi Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) merupakan hazard biologis paling dominan di IGD. Faktor risiko meliputi beban kerja tinggi, kepatuhan APD yang rendah, dan prosedur triage yang belum optimal. Intervensi berbasis pelatihan keselamatan dan penerapan budaya keselamatan terbukti efektif menurunkan insiden cedera. Diperlukan pengembangan protokol keselamatan kerja yang komprehensif dan berbasis bukti untuk melindungi tenaga kesehatan di IGD.Keywords
Biological Hazards, Work-Related Injuries, Emergency Department, Healthcare Worker Safety, Bahaya Biologis, Instalasi Gawat Darurat, Keselamatan Tenaga Kesehatan
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