Gambaran Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus: Literatur Review
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the types of nursing interventions that can improve the QoL of DM patients. Methods: A literature review was conducted by searching articles published through ScienceDirect, Medline, Google Search, and ProQuest. The literature search used the keywords ('Diabetes Mellitus' OR 'Diabetes') AND ('Health-Related Quality of Life' OR 'Quality of Life') AND ('Associated Factors' OR 'Related Factors' OR 'Predictors'). The initial search identified 3,644 articles. Articles were screened based on title, abstract, and full-text relevance according to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 16 articles met the final criteria and were included in the analysis. Data were extracted based on study characteristics, research methods, participant characteristics, and factors related to quality of life. Results: The findings indicated that quality of life among patients with diabetes mellitus was associated with multiple factors, including psychological and psychosocial conditions, diabetes distress, spiritual well-being, physical activity, glycemic control, adherence to treatment and dietary management, diabetes-related complications, comorbidities, oral health, self-care, and social functioning. Psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, diabetes distress, low self-efficacy, and fear of complications were consistently associated with poorer quality of life. Physical and clinical factors, particularly poor glycemic control, diabetic foot ulcers, pain, and other comorbid conditions, also contributed to reduced health-related quality of life. Demographic and social characteristics further influenced the quality of life experienced by different patient groups. Conclusion: Quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus is influenced by multidimensional factors encompassing psychological, physical, clinical, social, and spiritual aspects. Comprehensive assessment of these factors is important in supporting individualized diabetes management and improving patients' health-related quality of life.Keywords
Diabetes mellitus, quality of life, health-related quality of life, associated factors, predictors, diabetes complications, psychosocial factors