Vol. 23 No. 3 (2026)
Medic Nutricia : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, ISSN : 3025-8855

Articles

PROFIL RESISTENSI BAKTERI GRAM-NEGATIF PADA INFEKSI ULKUS DIABETIKUM KRONIS

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21406244

Published 2026-07-17

  • Fitri Sri Wahyuni
    • ,
  • Ety Apriliana
    • ,
  • Eka Putri Rahmadhani
    • ,
  • Intanri Kurniati

Fitri Sri Wahyuni
Universitas Lampung

Ety Apriliana
Universitas Lampung

Eka Putri Rahmadhani
Universitas Lampung

Intanri Kurniati
Universitas Lampung

Abstract

Diabetic ulcers are chronic complications of diabetes mellitus that are frequently complicated by bacterial infection due to impaired wound healing and decreased immune function. Gram-negative bacteria are among the major causes of diabetic ulcer infections and have the ability to develop resistance to various antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the predominant Gram-negative bacteria and antibiotic resistance patterns in chronic diabetic ulcers based on a literature review. This study used a descriptive literature review method. A total of 20 articles were screened, and 10 articles published between 2017 and 2026 met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed based on bacterial species identified and antibiotic resistance patterns. The results showed that the most frequently reported Gram-negative bacteria in diabetic ulcers were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., and Escherichia coli. The most common resistance patterns were found against β-lactam antibiotics, particularly penicillins and cephalosporins, as well as other antibiotics such as quinolones and carbapenems. These resistance mechanisms are associated with β-lactamase production, biofilm formation, and other bacterial defense mechanisms. In conclusion, Gram-negative bacteria causing diabetic ulcers show high predominance with extensive antibiotic resistance patterns. Bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing are required to support appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Keywords

Diabetic Ulcer, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Antibiotic Resistance, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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References

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