ANALISIS POLA RESISTENSI BAKTERI PENYEBAB PNEUMONIA TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK PADA KULTUR SPUTUM
Abstract
Introduction: Pneumonia is an an acute respiratory infection that serves as a leading cause of death from infection worldwide. The primary challenge in its management is the increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics, which can reduce the effectiveness of empirical therapy. As a regional reference laboratory in Southern Sumatra, the Palembang Center for Public Health Laboratory (BBLKM) plays a strategic role in mapping microbiological profiles and resistance trends. This study aims to determine the resistance patterns of pneumonia-causing bacteria to antibiotics in sputum cultures at BBLKM Palembang in 2024. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive design utilizing secondary data from sputum culture reports and bacterial sensitivity tests at BBLKM Palembang from January to December 2024. The sampling technique used was total sampling, resulting in 183 samples that met the inclusion criteria. Data were processed systematically to analyze demographic characteristics (gender and age), microorganism profiles, antibiotic sensitivity patterns (S, I, R), and the prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) . Results: The majority of respondents were male (53%) and belonged to the elderly group ≥ 60 years (59%). Isolates were significantly dominated by Gram-negative bacteria, with Klebsiella pneumoniae (47.54%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27.87%) being the most common. Cumulatively, Amikacin showed the best sensitivity rate (66.12%), followed by Gentamicin (55.74%)and Cefepime (54.1%). In contrast, high resistance was found in third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics such as Cefotaxime (42.08%) and Ceftriaxone (35.52%). The prevalence of MDR category bacteria reached 36.6%, with the highest percentages found in Acinetobacter baumannii (72.7%) and Escherichia coli (63.6%). Conclusion: The profile of pneumonia-causing bacteria at BBLKM Palembang was dominated by Gram-negative bacteria, with Amikacin as the most effective antibiotic. The high resistance rates to third-generation cephalosporins and significant MDR strains indicate the urgency of strengthening Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) programs.Keywords
Resistensi Antibiotik, BBLKM Palembang, Multi Drug Resistant, Pneumonia, Kultur Sputum
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