PRESENTASI NEUROPSIKIATRI SEBAGAI PELUANG TERLEWAT DIAGNOSIS HIV: SCOPING REVIEW
Abstract
Delayed HIV diagnosis remains common worldwide, and neuropsychiatric symptoms often precede recognition of the underlying HIV infection. This scoping review aimed to map the scientific evidence on neuropsychiatric presentations of HIV and how these presentations represent missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted primarily in PubMed/MEDLINE for publications from 2021-2026, supplemented by earlier landmark case series and methodological references, informed by the PRISMA -ScR guideline. Results: Psychosis, seizures, HIV -associated neurocognitive disorder, and central nervous system opportunistic infections are recurrently reported either as the first clinical presentation of HIV or as indicator conditions with low HIV-testing uptake, particularly in psychiatric and emergency-care settings and within neurology-specific clinical guidelines. The evidence consistently points to structural gaps in indicator-condition-guided testing rather than an absence of clinical association. Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric presentations constitute a recurrent, under-utilised opportunity for earlier HIV diagnosis. Primary research in remote settings such as Pegunungan Bintang Regency, Papua, Indonesia, is required to quantify this opportunity locally.Keywords
neuropsychiatric presentation, HIV diagnosis, missed opportunity, indicator condition, scoping review, presentasi neuropsikiatri, peluang terlewat, tinjauan pemetaan
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