Vol. 23 No. 3 (2026)
Medic Nutricia : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, ISSN : 3025-8855

Articles

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN KAPSUL BERBASIS BAHAN ALAM: KAJIAN LITERATUR TERHADAP BAHAN PENGISI, CANGKANG, DAN OPTIMASI MUTU FISIK

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2238/8v302697

Published 2026-07-12

  • Putri Tri Hartini
    • ,
  • Joyce Victory
    • ,
  • Rahma Marlia Sari
    • ,
  • Mutiara Dzakiyyah Fanny

Putri Tri Hartini
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Joyce Victory
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Rahma Marlia Sari
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Mutiara Dzakiyyah Fanny
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Abstract

Capsules are one of the most widely used pharmaceutical dosage forms due to ease of administration and their ability to mask unpleasant tastes and odors of active substances. Research in natural-based capsule formulation continues to grow rapidly, especially with increasing demand for safe, halal, and environmentally friendly herbal products. This literature review aims to examine and synthesize research findings on capsule formulations from various natural ingredients, covering aspects of fillers, disintegrants, alternative non-gelatin capsule shells, and physical quality optimization. Data were obtained from 25 scientific articles published between 2020–2026, reviewed through a literature review approach. The results show that various local plant extracts such as green grass jelly leaves, binahong, white turmeric, turmeric, gotu kola, eurycoma, dayak onion, mangosteen peel, and gandarusa were successfully formulated into capsules with physical quality meeting the requirements of the Indonesian Pharmacopeia. Meanwhile, innovations in non-gelatin capsule shells using pectin, glucomannan, cassava starch, potato starch, palm stem starch, carrageenan, aloe vera, and fish gelatin demonstrate great potential as replacements for conventional gelatin. Optimization of fillers using Avicel PH 101, pregelatinized starch, and Vivavur 101 adsorbent has been proven to improve the physical quality of granules and capsules. The conclusion of this review is that natural-based capsule formulations have shown significant progress but still require further studies such as in vivo testing, long-term stability studies, and bioavailability studies.

Keywords

capsule formulation, natural ingredients, non-gelatin capsule shells, physical quality evaluation, phytopharmaceuticals

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References

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