GANGGUAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PADA PETANI AKIBAT AKTIVITAS KERJA MANUAL
Abstract
Farmers represent a highly vulnerable group to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to manual labor activities characterized by repetitive movements, unergonomic postures, and prolonged physical exertion. This study aims to analyze the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders among farmers caused by manual work activities using a systematic literature review approach. MSDs in agricultural workers are dominated by complaints in the lower back, neck, shoulders, and knees, which are triggered by awkward postures during planting, harvesting, and carrying heavy loads. Risk factors include working duration, repetitive movements, and the utilization of unergonomic tools. Interventions through ergonomic training, modification of work equipment, and work rotation have been proven to significantly reduce the prevalence of MSDs. An integrated approach combining administrative controls and engineering controls is highly required to protect farmers from the burden of musculoskeletal diseases. Petani merupakan kelompok yang sangat rentan terhadap gangguan muskuloskeletal (Musculoskeletal Disorders/MSDs) akibat aktivitas kerja manual yang bersifat repetitif, postur tidak ergonomis, dan beban fisik berkepanjangan. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis kejadian gangguan muskuloskeletal pada petani yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas kerja manual melalui pendekatan kajian literatur sistematis. MSDs pada petani didominasi oleh keluhan di punggung bawah, leher, bahu, dan lutut, yang dipicu oleh postur janggal saat menanam, memanen, dan mengangkut beban berat. Faktor risiko meliputi durasi kerja, gerakan repetitif, serta penggunaan alat tidak ergonomis. Intervensi melalui pelatihan ergonomi, modifikasi alat kerja, dan rotasi kerja terbukti menurunkan prevalensi MSDs secara signifikan. Pendekatan terpadu yang memadukan pengendalian administratif dan rekayasa teknik diperlukan untuk melindungi petani dari beban penyakit muskuloskeletal.Keywords
Musculoskeletal disorders, farmers, manual labor, ergonomics, occupational health, Gangguan muskuloskeletal, petani, kerja manual, ergonomi, kesehatan kerja
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