The global transition toward renewable energy has positioned photovoltaic (PV) technology as a key solution for achieving climate neutrality. However, large-scale implementation of PV systems presents challenges from both environmental and economic perspectives. This study aims to analyze the environmental and economic impacts of photovoltaic technology through a systematic literature review approach. The method follows PRISMA guidelines by reviewing 10 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2020 and 2025. The findings indicate that PV systems significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions during operation, although environmental challenges remain in terms of land use, water consumption, and end-of-life waste management. From an economic perspective, the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) has decreased significantly, making PV one of the most competitive energy sources globally. However, high initial investment costs and the integration of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) remain key challenges affecting the payback period. This study concludes that PV technology provides substantial long-term environmental and economic benefits, but requires proper lifecycle management and supportive policy frameworks.
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