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Identifikasi Faktor Akademik dan Non Akademik Pemicu Kecemasan pada Mahasiswa Keperawatan: Literatur Review

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Kecemasan merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan mental yang sering dialami mahasiswa keperawatan karena karakteristik pendidikan yang menuntut penguasaan pengetahuan teoritis, keterampilan klinis, serta kemampuan beradaptasi dengan lingkungan pelayanan kesehatan. Kecemasan dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang berasal dari tuntutan akademik maupun non akademik mahasiswa. Apabila tidak diidentifikasi dan ditangani secara tepat, kecemasan dapat mengganggu proses belajar, performa akademik, adaptasi praktik klinik, dan kesiapan mahasiswa menjalankan peran profesional. Dalam lingkungan keperawatan jiwa, identifikasi faktor yang berkaitan dengan kecemasan diperlukan sebagai dasar pengembangan upaya promotif dan preventif kesehatan mental mahasiswa keperawatan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, mengelompokkan, dan mensintesis faktor akademik dan non akademik yang berkaitan dengan kecemasan pada mahasiswa keperawatan. Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literatur review. Pencarian literatur review dilakukan melalui tiga database, yaitu Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect. Artikel yang dipilih merupakan penelitian original, tersedia dalam bentuk full text, menggunakan bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris, dan diterbitkan pada periode 2022 sampai 2026. Artikel yang membahas faktor akademik dan non akademik yang berkaitan dengan kecemasan pada mahasiswa keperawatan dimasukkan dalam kajian. Sebanyak 18 artikel dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang konsisten berhubungan dengan kecemasan. Hasil: Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa kecemasan pada mahasiswa keperawatan bersifat multifaktorial. Faktor akademik yang teridentifikasi meliputi stres dan beban akademik, tuntutan ujian dan evaluasi kekhawatiran terhadap pencapaian nilai, praktik klinik, stres klinik, keterampilan klinik, kesiapan praktik, dan efikasi diri akademik. Faktor non akademik meliputi dukungan sosial, resiliensi, psychological capital, dan kemampuan koping dapat berperan sebagai faktor protektif terhadap kecemasan. Kesimpulan: Kecemasan pada mahasiswa keperawatan merupakan masalah keperawatan jiwa yang dipengaruhi oleh interaksi berbagai faktor akademik dan non akademik. Identifikasi faktor risiko dan faktor protektif diperlukan untuk mendukung deteksi dini serta pengembangan intervensi promotif dan preventif kesehatan jiwa di lingkungan pendidikan keperawatan.

Keywords

Kecemasan, Mahasiswa Keperawatan, Faktor Akademik, Faktor Non Akademik, Keperawatan Jiwa, Systematic Review

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References

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