Vol. 23 No. 3 (2026)
Medic Nutricia : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, ISSN : 3025-8855

Articles

SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA SERBUK DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP MUTU SERTA KINERJA SEDIAAN FARMASI: ARTIKEL TINJAUAN

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2238/ebbaf816

Published 2026-07-17

  • Rafela Putri Alfasya
    • ,
  • Nabilla Khairan Amaliya Chania
    • ,
  • Selpi Febriani
    • ,
  • Nur Raudah Putri
    • ,
  • Nazsa Anugerah Widia Hendri
    • ,
  • Hanina Nafilah Lukman
    • ,
  • Khofifa Hera Wenzana
    • ,
  • Sapna Maulini Rezeki Hasibuan
    • ,
  • Melda Novitasari

Rafela Putri Alfasya
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Nabilla Khairan Amaliya Chania
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Selpi Febriani
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Nur Raudah Putri
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Nazsa Anugerah Widia Hendri
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Hanina Nafilah Lukman
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Khofifa Hera Wenzana
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Sapna Maulini Rezeki Hasibuan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Melda Novitasari
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Abstract

Serbuk merupakan bentuk sediaan awal yang mendasari hampir seluruh sediaan farmasi padat, seperti tablet, kapsul, dan granul. Sifat fisikokimia serbuk—meliputi ukuran dan distribusi ukuran partikel, bentuk dan morfologi partikel, kadar air, densitas dan kompresibilitas, sifat alir, higroskopisitas, kelarutan, kristalinitas, serta amorfisitas—menentukan mutu bahan baku, efisiensi proses manufaktur, stabilitas, dan bioavailabilitas obat. Artikel tinjauan ini menggabungkan kajian mekanistik sifat fisikokimia serbuk dengan bukti empiris dari berbagai studi formulasi untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih menyeluruh. Penelusuran pustaka dilakukan pada basis data PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, MDPI, Google Scholar, dan jurnal nasional terakreditasi dengan rentang publikasi 2021-2026. Sebanyak 37 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis secara naratif dan deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran partikel yang lebih kecil meningkatkan luas permukaan dan laju disolusi namun dapat menurunkan sifat alir; bentuk partikel bulat memperbaiki keseragaman pengisian; densitas dan kompresibilitas menentukan kekerasan serta variasi bobot tablet; kristalinitas/amorfisitas dan polimorfisme memengaruhi kelarutan dan stabilitas; sedangkan higroskopisitas berkaitan dengan stabilitas kimia dan umur simpan. Teknologi seperti spray drying, freeze drying, amorphous solid dispersion, nanopartikel, nanokristal, kompleks inklusi, dan ko-kristalisasi terbukti memperbaiki sifat fisikokimia serbuk sehingga meningkatkan mutu, kelarutan, stabilitas, dan bioavailabilitas sediaan farmasi.

Keywords

bioavailabilitas; kelarutan; sifat alir; sifat fisikokimia serbuk; ukuran partikel

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References

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