Keywords
expressed emotion; remaja; adaptasi skala; exploratory factor analysis; validasi psikometrik
How to Cite
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by rapid physical, emotional, and social changes that heighten vulnerability to the influence of expressed emotion within the family environment. Accurate measurement of adolescents’ perceptions of expressed emotion is essential for both research and clinical practice. This study aimed to adapt the Perceived Expressed emotion Scale for the General Adolescent Population (PEES-GAP) into Indonesian and to evaluate its construct validity through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). A total of 244 adolescents aged 12-19 years were recruited using purposive sampling. The adaptation process followed the International Test Commission (ITC, 2017) guidelines, encompassing forward translation, backward translation, expert judgement, and content validity assessment using Aiken’s V (V = 0.66). Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s Alpha (α = 0.959) and McDonald’s Omega (ω = 0.962), both indicating excellent internal consistency. EFA was conducted using maximum likelihood extraction with promax rotation. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.958 and significant Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (χ² = 3895.309, p < 0.001) confirmed data adequacy. Parallel analysis recommended the retention of one dominant factor, explaining 57.2% of total variance. Nineteen items demonstrated adequate factor loadings (λ = 0.500-0.864), while item P16 was identified as problematic (uniqueness = 0.997). These findings suggest that the Indonesian version of PEES-GAP constitutes a reliable and structurally valid instrument for measuring adolescents’ perceptions of expressed emotion in the Indonesian cultural context, with the recommendation to review item P16 in future revisions. Masa remaja merupakan periode perkembangan kritis yang ditandai oleh perubahan fisik, emosional, dan sosial yang pesat, sehingga meningkatkan kerentanan remaja terhadap pengaruh expressed emotion dalam lingkungan keluarga. Ketersediaan instrumen pengukuran yang valid dan reliabel sangat diperlukan untuk keperluan penelitian maupun praktik klinis di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengadaptasi Perceived Expressed emotion Scale for the General Adolescent Population (PEES-GAP) ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia serta menguji validitas konstruknya melalui Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Sebanyak 244 remaja berusia 12-19 tahun direkrut menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Proses adaptasi mengacu pada pedoman International Test Commission (ITC, 2017) yang meliputi forward translation, backward translation, expert judgement, dan uji validitas isi menggunakan Aiken’s V (V = 0,66). Reliabilitas internal diuji menggunakan Cronbach’s Alpha (α = 0,959) dan McDonald’s Omega (ω = 0,962), yang menunjukkan konsistensi internal yang sangat baik. EFA dilakukan menggunakan metode ekstraksi maximum likelihood dengan rotasi promax. Nilai KMO sebesar 0,958 dan Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity yang signifikan (χ² = 3895,309; p < 0,001) mengonfirmasi kelayakan data. Parallel analysis merekomendasikan retensi satu faktor dominan yang mampu menjelaskan 57,2% total varians. Sebanyak 19 item menunjukkan factor loading yang memadai (λ = 0,500–0,864), sementara item P16 teridentifikasi bermasalah (uniqueness = 0,997). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa PEES-GAP versi Bahasa Indonesia merupakan instrumen yang reliabel dan valid secara struktural untuk mengukur persepsi expressed emotion pada remaja Indonesia, dengan rekomendasi untuk meninjau ulang item P16 pada revisi mendatang.References
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