FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KESALAHAN PEMBERIAN OBAT PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN SAAT PRAKTIK KLINIK: LITERATURE REVIEW
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Pemberian obat merupakan tindakan keperawatan yang membutuhkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, ketelitian, dan komunikasi yang tepat. Mahasiswa keperawatan yang sedang menjalani praktik klinik masih dalam tahap pengembangan kompetensi sehingga memiliki risiko mengalami medication error. Kesalahan dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, baik dari mahasiswa maupun lingkungan praktik klinik. Tujuan: Literature review ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kesalahan pemberian obat pada mahasiswa keperawatan selama praktik klinik. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode narrative literature review. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan melalui database PubMed/MEDLINE dan ScienceDirect menggunakan kata kunci nursing students, medication error, medication administration, clinical practice, dan medication safety. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kesesuaian topik, karakteristik mahasiswa keperawatan, dan ketersediaan teks penuh. Sebanyak 14 artikel digunakan sebagai artikel utama dalam kajian. Hasil: Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan pemberian obat pada mahasiswa keperawatan bersifat multifaktorial. Faktor yang memengaruhi meliputi faktor individu, pengetahuan dan keterampilan, perhitungan dosis, pengalaman klinik, metode pembelajaran, supervisi dan role model, komunikasi, interupsi, serta lingkungan dan budaya keselamatan. Upaya pencegahan dapat dilakukan melalui pendidikan medication safety, simulasi, evaluasi kompetensi, supervisi yang konsisten, komunikasi efektif, dan budaya pelaporan kesalahan yang mendukung pembelajaran.Keywords
mahasiswa keperawatan, medication error, pemberian obat, praktik klinik, medication safety
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