Keywords
makna hidup
Meaning in Life Scale
validitas konstruk
validitas isi
construct validity
content validity
How to Cite
Abstract
Makna hidup (meaning in life) merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam psikologi positif yang berperan sebagai faktor protektif terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis individu. Namun, ketersediaan instrumen pengukuran makna hidup yang singkat dan memiliki kualitas psikometrik yang baik dalam konteks budaya Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengadaptasi Meaning in Life Scale (MLS) ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan menguji validitas konstruknya menggunakan Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif non-eksperimental dengan desain cross-sectional. Sebelum uji lapangan dilakukan, validitas isi dievaluasi melalui expert judgment oleh tiga orang ahli menggunakan koefisien Aiken's V dan memperoleh nilai antara 0,778–1,000. Selanjutnya, pengumpulan data dilakukan pada 111 mahasiswa aktif di Indonesia yang dipilih menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Analisis data menggunakan EFA dengan metode ekstraksi Maximum Likelihood dan rotasi promax. Hasil uji kelayakan menunjukkan nilai Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) sebesar 0,788 dan Bartlett's Test of Sphericity yang signifikan (χ²(6) = 249,044; p < 0,001). Hasil EFA mengidentifikasi satu faktor tunggal dengan nilai factor loading berkisar antara 0,726–0,875 yang mampu menjelaskan 66,15% total varians. Seluruh butir memenuhi kriteria sehingga tidak ada butir yang dieliminasi. Selain itu, instrumen memiliki reliabilitas yang sangat baik dengan nilai Cronbach's alpha sebesar 0,890. Hasil penelitian memberikan bukti awal bahwa MLS versi Indonesia memiliki validitas isi yang memadai, struktur internal satu faktor, dan konsistensi internal yang baik pada sampel mahasiswa. Pengujian lanjutan melalui CFA, validitas konvergen–diskriminan, dan sampel yang lebih beragam masih diperlukan sebelum instrumen digunakan secara luas.References
Aiken, L. R. (1985). Three coefficients for analyzing the reliability and validity of ratings. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164485451012
American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. American Educational Research Association.
Arfandi, M. A., Rahman, R. A., Gah, R. L., Asma, N., Mahendra, A. Z., & Rosandini, A. N. (2025). Gambaran kondisi kesehatan mental mahasiswa di Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur. Journal of Mental Health Concerns, 4(2), 102–111.
Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.7275/jyj1-4868
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
DeVellis, R. F., & Thorpe, C. T. (2021). Scale development: Theory and applications (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272
Fauziah, N., Hartini, N., Hendriani, W., & Fajriyanthi. (2021). Confirmatory factor analysis pada pengukuran keharmonisan keluarga (FHS-24). Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 14(3), 227–240. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2021.14.3.227
Feldman, D. B., & Snyder, C. R. (2005). Hope and the meaningful life: Theoretical and empirical associations between goal-directed thinking and life meaning. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(3), 401–421. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.24.3.401.65616
Frankl, V. E. (1963). Man's search for meaning: An introduction to logotherapy. Pocket Books.
Guevara-Tantalean, E. A., Tantaleán-Arteaga, A. B., Arévalo-García, B. F., & Cunza-Aranzábal, D. F. (2025). Development and psychometric properties of a scale to measure the meaning of life (MLS). European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 15(9), 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15090174
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
International Test Commission. (2017). ITC guidelines for translating and adapting tests (2nd ed.). International Journal of Testing, 18(2), 101–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2017.1398166
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575
King, L. A., Hicks, J. A., Krull, J. L., & Del Gaiso, A. K. (2006). Positive affect and the experience of meaning in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(1), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.179
Mahfud, I., Gupita, C. S., & Pertiwi, W. E. (2021). Masalah kesehatan mental mahasiswa di Indonesia dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Jurnal Psikologi, 14(1), 1–15.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Park, C. L. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: An integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 257–301. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018301
Reker, G. T., & Wong, P. T. P. (1988). Aging as an individual process: Toward a theory of personal meaning. In J. E. Birren & V. L. Bengtson (Eds.), Emergent theories of aging (pp. 214–246). Springer.
Retnawati, H. (2016). Proving content validity of self-regulated learning scale (the comparison of Aiken index and expanded Gregory index). Research and Evaluation in Education, 2(2), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.21831/reid.v2i2.11029
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80
Steger, M. F., Kawabata, Y., Shimai, S., & Otake, K. (2008). The meaningful life in Japan and the United States: Levels and correlates of meaning in life. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(3), 660–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.09.003