ANALISIS PRAKTIK AKAD MUSAQAH PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIQIH MUAMALAH (STUDI KASUS DI DESA SUNGAI PERAK, KECAMATAN TEMBILAHAN, KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR)

Abstract

Musaqah is a form of agricultural partnership recognized in Islamic economics, regulating cooperation between plantation owners and cultivators in maintaining crops through an agreed profit-sharing arrangement. This study aims to examine the implementation of the musaqah contract in coconut plantations and analyze its conformity with the principles of Islamic commercial jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah) in Sungai Perak Village, Tembilahan District, Indragiri Hilir Regency. This research employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation involving eight informants, consisting of four plantation owners and four cultivators. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source, method, and theoretical triangulation. The findings indicate that the implementation of the musaqah contract has fulfilled most of its essential pillars and legal requirements, including the existence of contracting parties, coconut trees as the object of the contract, an agreed profit-sharing ratio of 50:50, maintenance responsibilities assigned to cultivators, and mutual consent (ijab and qabul). Nevertheless, the agreement does not entirely comply with classical fiqh provisions due to the absence of a clearly defined contractual period. From the perspective of fiqh muamalah, the practice reflects the values of justice, mutual consent, public benefit, and cooperation, although improvements in contractual certainty are necessary to achieve full compliance with Islamic legal principles.