Vol. 23 No. 3 (2026)
Medic Nutricia : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, ISSN : 3025-8855

Articles

PAPARAN BAHAN KIMIA DI TEMPAT KERJA DAN MEKANISME STRES OKSIDATIF: TINJAUAN BIOMEDIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF HIGIENE INDUSTRI

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2238/9v3byc77

Published 2026-07-30

  • Suherman
    • ,
  • Nella Ika Puspa Dewi
    • ,
  • Muhammad Miftah Farid
    • ,
  • Muhammad Rizky Al Fauzan
    • ,
  • Nurmalia Lusida

Suherman
Program Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia

Nella Ika Puspa Dewi
Program Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia

Muhammad Miftah Farid
Program Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia

Muhammad Rizky Al Fauzan
Program Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia

Nurmalia Lusida
Program Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Organisasi Perburuhan Internasional memperkirakan sekitar 2,93 juta pekerja meninggal setiap tahun akibat kecelakaan dan penyakit terkait kerja, dengan penyakit bukan cedera menyumbang mayoritas beban, sementara pajanan udara tempat kerja dikaitkan dengan sekitar 450.000 kematian. Logam berat, pelarut dan senyawa organik volatil (VOCs), pestisida, serta hidrokarbon aromatik polisiklik (PAHs) memicu efek toksik yang sebagian besar bermuara pada stres oksidatif. Tinjauan ini menyintesis bukti biomedik mutakhir mengenai hubungan pajanan bahan kimia okupasional dengan stres oksidatif serta implikasinya bagi praktik higiene industri, melalui tinjauan literatur sistematis yang mengikuti panduan PRISMA 2020 dengan kerangka PECO. Penelusuran pada PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect untuk artikel terbitan 2023-2025 mengidentifikasi 412 rekaman, dan 18 artikel memenuhi kriteria kelayakan lalu disintesis secara naratif- tematik, meta-analisis tidak dilakukan karena heterogenitas biomarker dan satuan pengukuran. Bukti yang terkumpul konsisten menunjukkan peningkatan penanda kerusakan oksidatif (8-OHdG, malondialdehid/MDA, 8-isoprostan) dan penurunan kapasitas antioksidan (SOD, katalase, GSH, PON1) pada pekerja terpajan. Korelasi kobalt- 8-OHdG mencapai R=0,836 (p<0,001), dan MDA terbukti menjadi mediator penuh jalur pajanan benzena-toluena-xilena menuju kenaikan tekanan darah diastolik pada 841 pekerja. Peningkatan penanda oksidatif tetap terjadi meskipun kadar VOC berada di bawah Nilai Ambang Batas, sedangkan silika kristalin meningkatkan risiko silikosis di atas ambang pajanan kumulatif ±1 mg/m³-tahun. Dengan demikian, stres oksidatif merupakan mekanisme pemersatu toksisitas bahan kimia okupasional dan berperan sebagai mediator kausal, bukan sekadar penanda korelatif. Kepatuhan terhadap Nilai Ambang Batas tidak menjamin ketiadaan efek biologis, sehingga integrasi biomonitoring efek dini, hierarki pengendalian, dan pemodelan prediktif berbasis kecerdasan buatan diperlukan untuk pencegahan penyakit akibat kerja yang lebih proaktif.

Keywords

stres oksidatif, pajanan bahan kimia, higiene industri, reactive oxygen species, biomonitoring, penyakit akibat kerja

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