A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEN’S AND WOMEN ’S LINGUISTIC FEATURES USED BY DONALD TRUMP AND KAMALA HARRIS IN THE U.S. PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE 2024

Main Article Content

Aliyyah Imanda Rizky Deviana

Abstract

Certain linguistic features are often associated with specific genders and may characterize gendered language use. This study aims to identify the similarities and differences in the linguistic features used by Donald Trump and Kamala Harris during the 2024 U.S. Presidential Debate to reveal how gendered features are adapted and balanced in a political context. This study focuses on the utterances of Donald Trump and Kamala Harris. Using a qualitative approach, the writer employed Coates's (2016) theory of linguistic features to analyze the debate transcript. The results reveal similarities between Donald Trump and Kamala Harris. Among 6 out of 7 types of linguistic features were used by both, namely minimal responses, hedges, questions, commands and directives, compliments, and swearing and taboo language. The differences can be seen in the use of one linguistic feature: tag questions. Tag questions were used only by Donald Trump, while Kamala Harris did not use this feature at all. The findings imply that linguistic features can no longer be strictly classified based on gender. In political debates, politicians, regardless of gender, tend to adapt and balance their linguistic features according to the demands of the debate context.

Article Details

Section

Articles

How to Cite

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEN’S AND WOMEN ’S LINGUISTIC FEATURES USED BY DONALD TRUMP AND KAMALA HARRIS IN THE U.S. PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE 2024. (2026). Argopuro: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21894527

References

Abd Aliwie, A.N., 2025. A Pragmatic Analysis of Persuasive Arguments in the 2011–2020 US Presidential Campaign Speeches. Forum for Linguistic Studies. 7(1): 480–494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i1.7243

Ahmed, Sirwan Khalid. 2024. 'How to Choose a Sampling Technique and Determine Sample Size for Research: A Simplified Guide for Researchers.' Oral Oncology Reports 12 (10062). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oor.2024.100662.

Akhmetzyanov, Ildar, Narkiz Mullagaliev, Almira Garayeva, Nurullina Guzel, and Tatiana Boldova. 2023. 'Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics Paper in Conference Proceedings Investigating the Differences in English Language Tools Used in Speeches by Men and Women.' Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics 30 (3): 2023. https://doi.org/10.22055/rals.2023.19469.

Aydyralieva, Gulina, Gulsaira Ibraimova, Burul Sagynbayeva, Cholpon Naimanova, and Nurzhan Sartbekova. 2025. 'Gender Factor in Political Discourse (Based on Public Speeches of Kyrgyz and English Politicians).' International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue Internationale de Sémiotique Juridique 38 (7): 2243–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11196-025-10302-y.

Cameron, D. 2010. 'Sex/Gender, Language and the New Biologism.' Applied Linguistics 31 (2): 173–92.

Cameron, Deborah, and Sylvia Shaw. 2016. 'Gender, Power, and Political Speech Women and Language in the 2015 UK General Election.' Palgrave Macmillan London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58752-7.

Coates, Jennifer. 2016. 'Women, Men and Language.' London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315645612.

Creswell, John , and Cheryl Poth. 2018. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches. 4th ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/qualitative-inquiry-and-research-design/book246896.

Dai, Shih-chan, and Navida Chun-Han Wang. 2021. 'To Be (Different) or Not to Be: The Role of Gender in Constructing Diplomatic Speeches.' Women’s Studies International Forum 88 (September): 102506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2021.102506.

Dalimunte, Ahmad, and Fengwei Wen. 2022. 'Journal of English Educators Society | Jees.umsida.ac.id/Index.php/Jees.' J. Eng. Educ. Society 7 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v7i1.1660.

Dewati, Niken Ayu, and Dwi Wulandari. 2023. 'The Implementation of Gender Language Features in the Prince & Me Movie.' Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Linguistic Studies 7 (2): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.14710/ca.v7i2.20499.

Fajarwati, Kharisma Tri, Wulan Rahmatunisa, and Vina Agustiana. 2026. 'Gendered Discourse in the Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes (2023): A Comparative Analysis of Male and Female Language Features.' JETLEE : Journal of English Language Teaching, Linguistics, and Literature 6 (1): 19 –32. https://doi.org/10.47766/jetlee.v6i1.6242.

Farhan, Fachri Bintang, Ike Revita, and Oktavianus Oktavianus. 2024. 'Persuasive Languages on Political Billboard of the 2024 Indonesian General Election in Padang City West Sumatra, Indonesia.' Cogent Arts and Humanities 11 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2024.2325679.

Ginarti, Dewi, Irman Nurhapitudin, Ruminda Ruminda, and Hasanah Hj. Iksan. 2022. 'Study of Language Features Used by Male and Female in #SaveJohnnyDepp on Instagram and Twitter.' Az-Zahra: Journal of Gender and Family Studies 2 (2): 127–42. https://doi.org/10.15575/azzahra.v2i2.14388.

Hargrave, Lotte. 2023. 'A Double Standard? Gender Bias in Voters’ Perceptions of Political Arguments.' British Journal of Political Science 53 (2): 327–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007123422000515.

Hassan, Jalal Sa’dullah. 2023. 'Gender Differences in Political Speeches: A Sociolinguistic Study.' Journal of Garmian University 10 (3): 927 –34. https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10381.

Hinck, Robert S, Edward A Hinck, Shelly S Hinck, and William O Dailey. 2024. 'Gender, Politeness, and the 2020 Democratic Presidential Primary Debates.' Western Journal of Communication 88 (2): 328–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2023.2222090.

Holmes, Janet. (1995) 2013. Women, Men and Politeness. London Routledge.

Ishak, Afreena, Siti Noramira Razali, and Nur Ainil Sulaiman. 2022. 'Gender and the Use of English Language among Form 3 Secondary School Students in Malaysia.' International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development 11 (3). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v11-i3/14541.

Järvinen, Margaretha and Nanna Mik-Meyer. 2020. Qualitative Analysis. SAGE. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/qualitative-analysis/book263514.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.