EVALUASI PENGARUH PENCAHAYAAN TERHADAP PERSEPSI EMOSIONAL PENGUNJUNG PADA RUANG PAMER DE JAVASCHE BANK SURABAYA

Authors

  • Stefhanie Clarisa Thesman Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya Author
  • Jocelin Siswanto Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya Author
  • Valerian Gunawan Kardani Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya Author
  • Sonia Bernita Susetyo Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya Author
  • Gladys Patricia Coandi Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2238/c45s0g53

Keywords:

Pencahayaan museum, persepsi emosional, ruang pamer, De Javasche Bank Surabaya, bangunan cagar budaya

Abstract

Pencahayaan pada ruang pamer bangunan cagar budaya memiliki peran ganda: sebagai pendukung visibilitas objek koleksi sekaligus pembentuk suasana ruang yang mempengaruhi persepsi emosional pengunjung. De Javasche Bank Surabaya, sebagai bangunan peninggalan kolonial yang kini berfungsi sebagai museum, menghadirkan kompleksitas tersendiri karena harus menyeimbangkan aspek konservasi, kenyamanan visual, dan pengalaman naratif ruang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh pencahayaan terhadap persepsi emosional pengunjung pada ruang pamer De Javasche Bank Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah mixed-method, meliputi pengukuran kuantitatif intensitas cahaya (lux), suhu warna (Kelvin), dan distribusi pencahayaan pada titik-titik pengamatan ruang pamer, serta survei persepsi emosional terhadap pengunjung menggunakan kuesioner berbasis skala semantik diferensial dengan pasangan kata sifat seperti hangat, dingin, nyaman, tidak nyaman, dramatis, datar, dan khidmat, biasa. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan korelasional untuk melihat hubungan antara karakteristik pencahayaan dengan respons emosional pengunjung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pencahayaan dengan suhu warna hangat (2700–3000 K) dan intensitas sedang pada area display objek koleksi cenderung memunculkan persepsi khidmat, historis, dan dramatis, sedangkan pencahayaan merata dengan intensitas lebih tinggi pada area sirkulasi memberi kesan nyaman dan informatif. Sebaliknya, area dengan kontras pencahayaan yang terlalu tinggi atau silau dipersepsikan kurang nyaman dan mengganggu fokus terhadap objek pamer. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa strategi pencahayaan tidak hanya berfungsi teknis, tetapi juga menjadi instrumen penting dalam membangun narasi ruang dan pengalaman emosional pengunjung pada museum bangunan cagar budaya. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan dalam perancangan ulang sistem pencahayaan ruang pamer berbasis pengalaman pengguna pada konteks adaptive reuse bangunan bersejarah. Lighting in exhibition spaces of heritage buildings plays a dual role: supporting the visibility of collection objects while simultaneously shaping the spatial atmosphere that influences visitors’ emotional perceptions. De Javasche Bank Surabaya as a colonial-era heritage building that has been adaptively reused as a museum presents a particular complexity, as it must balance conservation requirements, visual comfort, and the narrative quality of space. This study aims to evaluate the influence of lighting on visitors’ emotional perceptions within the exhibition spaces of De Javasche Bank Surabaya. A mixed-method approach was employed, consisting of quantitative measurements of illuminance (lux), color temperature (Kelvin), and lighting distribution at selected observation points in the exhibition rooms, as well as a survey of visitors’ emotional perceptions using a semantic differential scale questionnaire with adjective pairs such as warm–cold, comfortable–uncomfortable, dramatic–flat, and solemn–ordinary. The data were analyzed descriptively and correlationally to identify relationships between lighting characteristics and visitors’ emotional responses. The results indicate that a combination of warm color temperatures (2700–3000 K) and moderate illuminance levels in collection display areas tends to evoke perceptions of solemnity, historicity, and dramatic atmosphere, while more evenly distributed lighting with higher illuminance levels in circulation areas creates impressions of comfort and informativeness. In contrast, areas with excessively high lighting contrast or glare are perceived as less comfortable and disruptive to visitors’ focus on exhibition objects. These findings demonstrate that lighting strategies serve not only a technical function but also act as an important instrument in constructing spatial narratives and emotional experiences within museums housed in heritage buildings. This study is expected to provide a reference for redesigning exhibition lighting systems based on user experience within the context of adaptive reuse of historic buildings.

References

Zhao, G. (2020). Application of Information Science in Museum Lighting Design and Psychophysics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1601.

Zahariev, R. I. (2025). MUSEUM LIGHTING: STRATEGIES, TECHNOLOGIES, AND IMPACT ON EXHIBITS. International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science.

Duan, H. (2022). Application and Expression of Artificial Light Source Design in Exhibition Space. Highlights in Art and Design.

Gobbato, V. (2023). Illuminating Museums. From Design to Experience. Ambiances.

Alketbi, M. and Mushtah, E. (2025). The impact of artificial lighting on improving the visual experience of museum visitors: A case study of Sharjah Museum of Islamic Civilization. Heritage and Sustainable Development.

Wang, Z., Nagai, Y., Liu, J., Zou, N. and Liang, J. (2020). Artificial Lighting Environment Evaluation of the Japan Museum of Art Based on the Emotional Response of Observers

Liu, J., Wang, Z., Nagai, Y. and Zou, N. (2019). Research on the Emotional Response Level of Museum Visitors Based on Lighting Design Methods and Parameters., pp. 221-239

N, C., D. and Giacumacatos, A. (2024). “Luminous Conflicts: Navigating Architecture, Light, and Visitor Experience in Museums”: The Case of Yale Center for British Art. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture.

Ismail, M. M. R., Nessim, A. A. and Fathy, F. (2024). Factors affecting museum buildings and heritage spaces in terms of energy optimization and comfort. Ain Shams Engineering Journal.

Boyce, P. R. (2014). Human factors in lighting (3rd ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16707

Illuminating Engineering Society. (2011). The lighting handbook: Reference and application (10th ed.). Illuminating Engineering Society.

Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. MIT Press.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00140137608931536

Pallasmaa, J. (2012). The eyes of the skin: Architecture and the senses (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394200702

Feri, M., & Irianto, C. G. (2022). Lighting system design based on SNI 6197-2011 and software-based design DIALux Evo 9.2 (Case study: Pekanbaru High School of Technology). ELKHA: Jurnal Teknik Elektro, 14(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.26418/elkha.v14i2.50278

Hirose, M., & Creswell, J. W. (2023). Applying core quality criteria of mixed methods research to an empirical study. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 17(1), 12–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/15586898221086346

Younas, A., Fàbregues, S., & Creswell, J. W. (2023). Generating metainferences in mixed methods research: A worked example in convergent mixed methods designs. Methodological Innovations, 16(3), 276–291. https://doi.org/10.1177/20597991231188121

Downloads

Published

2026-06-26