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Articles

Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Trigonometri : Journal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, ISSN 3030-8496

HUBUNGAN POROSITAS DAN SIFAT MEKANIK PADA HIDROKSIAPATIT BIOGENIK SEBAGAI BIOMATERIAL TULANG: TINJAUAN NARATIF

DOI:
https://doi.cibangsa.org/DOI-2026-40
Submitted
August 29, 2026
Published
2026-08-29

Abstract

Kerusakan tulang akibat trauma, tumor, infeksi, dan penyakit degeneratif terus meningkat sejalan dengan pertumbuhan populasi lanjut usia, sehingga mendorong pengembangan biomaterial pengganti tulang yang aman dan efektif. Hidroksiapatit (HA) biogenik, yang diekstraksi dari sumber hayati seperti tulang mamalia, cangkang telur, cangkang moluska, cangkang krustasea, sisik ikan, dan tulang cumi, menjadi kandidat unggulan karena kemiripannya dengan mineral tulang alami. Salah satu tantangan utama dalam pengembangan HA sebagai scaffold tulang adalah menyeimbangkan porositas dan kekuatan mekanik, dua sifat yang secara inheren saling bertentangan. Tinjauan naratif ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara porositas dan kekuatan tekan HA biogenik dari berbagai sumber hayati berdasarkan 30 artike yang dipublikasikan dari tahun 2014 hingga 2026. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan rentang porositas 28,6-89% dan kekuatan tekan 0,51-171 MPa di antara sumber-sumber HA biogenik yang ditelaah. Secara umum, peningkatan porositas berbanding terbalik dengan kekuatan tekan, namun morfologi pori, metode fabrikasi, dan penambahan fase komposit (polimer atau keramik lain) terbukti mampu menggeser keseimbangan tersebut. Porositas 50 -70% dengan ukuran pori interkonek 100-300 mikrometer dan kekuatan tekan 2-12 MPa dinilai optimal untuk aplikasi tulang cancellous. Diperlukan standardisasi metode karakterisasi porositas serta validasi in vivo lebih lanjut untuk menerjemahkan temuan-temuan ini ke aplikasi klinis.

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